2.9 KiB
2.9 KiB
| title | description | published | date | tags | editor | dateCreated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The basics of Linux | Simple examples showing you around Linux | true | 2023-06-27T07:54:18.672Z | linux, server | markdown | 2023-06-27T07:54:18.672Z |
Linux Basics
This guide provides a brief introduction to Linux, including basic commands and concepts.
Navigating the filesystem
- Change a directory:
cd <directory> - List files in a directory:
ls - List files in a directory (including hidden files):
ls -a - Getting the current directory:
pwd - Going back a directory:
cd ..
Managing Files and Directories
- Create a new directory:
mkdir <directory> - Create a new file:
touch <file> - Copy a file:
cp <file> <new-file> - Remove a file:
rm <file> - Remove a directory:
rm -r <directory>
File Permissions
- Change file permissions:
chmod <permissions> <file> - Change file ownership:
chown <user> <file> - Change file ownership (recursively):
chown -R <user> <directory> - View file permissions:
ls -l <file>
Text Processing
There are alternatives to nano, but it is the easiest to use.
- Edit a file:
nano <file> - View a file:
cat <file> - View a file (with line numbers):
cat -n <file> - Get the beginning of a file:
head <file> - Get the end of a file:
tail <file>
File Compression and Archiving
- Create a tar archive:
tar -cvf <archive.tar> <file> - Extract a tar archive:
tar -xvf <archive.tar> - Create a zip archive:
zip <archive.zip> <file> - Extract a zip archive:
unzip <archive.zip>
Package Management (Ubuntu)
- Update package lists:
sudo apt update - Install a package:
sudo apt install <package> - Purge a package:
sudo apt purge <package> - Remove a package:
sudo apt remove <package> - Search for a package:
apt search <package> - Upgrade packages:
sudo apt upgrade
Networking
- Get all interface ips:
ip a - Ping a host:
ping <host> - Get the public IP:
curl ifconfig.me - Get the public IP (alternative):
curl ipinfo.io/ip
Firewall (UFW)
Make sure to allow SSH before enabling the firewall, otherwise you will be locked out of your server. sudo ufw allow ssh
- Enable the firewall:
sudo ufw enable - Disable the firewall:
sudo ufw disable - List all rules:
sudo ufw status - List all rules (showing numbers):
sudo ufw status numbered - Delete a rule:
sudo ufw delete <rule> - Allow a port:
sudo ufw allow <port> - Deny a port:
sudo ufw deny <port> - Allow a service:
sudo ufw allow <service> - Deny a service:
sudo ufw deny <service>
Service Management (Systemd)
- Start a service:
sudo systemctl start <service> - Stop a service:
sudo systemctl stop <service> - Check the status of a service:
sudo systemctl status <service> - Restart a service:
sudo systemctl restart <service> - Enable a service (start on boot):
sudo systemctl enable <service> - Disable a service (stop on boot):
sudo systemctl disable <service> - Reload a service:
sudo systemctl reload <service>